Using far less water than traditional farming methods, aquaponics appears to the perfect solution to agriculture’s ails, but is it a fad or a viable method of food production?
Aquaponics is an innovative and sustainable method of food production that combines aquaculture (raising aquatic animals such as fish) and hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a mutually beneficial system. It can be used to grow a wide variety of fruit, vegetables and herbs.
The system functions within the circular loop that aims to waste nothing. Fish are kept in a tank where they produce waste, which is then broken down by bacteria into nitrates and other nutrients. The nutrient-rich water is then pumped to a hydroponic grow bed, where plants are grown using the water as their primary source of nutrients. As the plants absorb the nutrients, they clean the water, which is then returned to the fish tank, creating a continuous cycle of nutrient exchange.
What are the pros and cons?
One of the biggest advantages of aquaponics is that it requires 90% less water than traditional farming methods, which is highly beneficial for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) where water supply is generally low. Furthermore, no harmful chemicals are used, which means the produce is free of pesticides and herbicides; and the fish are free of growth hormones and antibiotics.
The big drawback is that aquaponics systems can be relatively expensive to set up, although the long-term savings on water and fertilizer costs can make it a cost-effective solution over time. Additionally, farmers need to maintain the delicate balance of the ecosystem, which can be disrupted by changes in water quality or temperature.
Growth of the sector
Aquaponics is a rapidly growing industry because it allows for a continuous production of food. Countries across the GCC are investing in aquaponics projects to increase local food production and reduce reliance on imported produce.
According to a study by Market Data Forecast, the Middle East and Africa aquaponics system market was worth USD 49 million in 2021 and is estimated to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 15.7% to reach USD 101 million by 2026. The study reports that rising populations, an increase in disposable income and a growing demand for organic produce is driving market growth.
Bahraini farmers have shown interest in aquaponics, with several small-scale systems being set up in recent years. One such farm is the Bahrain Line Aquaponic Centre in Hamala, which was established in 2014. The family-operated business produces about 40 different crop varieties throughout the year, and focuses its aquaculture on a combination of tilapia, koi and barramundi. By using innovative technologies and methods, the farm aims to
improve market supply and set a benchmark for freshwater fish in the region.